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ПОЛНЫЙ НОВЕЙШИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК ШКОЛЬНИКА

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ГРАММАТИКА

Совершенные времена (Perfect Tenses)

Образование и употребление прошедшего совершенного длительного времени (The Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

Утверждающая

Питальна

Отрицательная

 

I had been working.

Had I been working?

I had not (hadn't) been working.

 

 

You had been working.

Had you been working?

You had not (hadn't) been working.

 

He had been working.

Had he been working?

He had not (hadn't) been working.

She had been working.

Had she been working?

She had not (hadn't) been working.

 

It had been working.

Had it been working?

It had not (hadn't) been working.

 

 

We had been working.

Had we been working?

We had not (hadn't) been working.

 

You had been working.

Had you been working?

You had not (hadn't) been working.

They had been working.

Had they been working?

They had not (hadn't) been working.

 

ЗАПОМНИ

Формы the Present Perfect образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола had и III формы основного глагола: She had already finished the translation by 6 p.m. - Она закончила перевод до шести вечера.

ЗАПОМНИ

Формы the Present Perfect Continuous образуются с помощью вспомогательного комплексе с глаголами had been и IV формы основного глагола. She had been translating for two hours by the time he came. - Она переводила два часа до того времени, когда он пришел.

ЗАПОМНИ

Формы the Future Perfect образуются с помощью вспомогательного комплекса с глаголами will have и ill формы основного глагола.

She will have finished the translation by 6 p.m. - Она закончит перевод к шести вечера.

1. The Past Perfect Continuous образуется из вспомогательного комплекса с глаголом had been и IV формы основного глагола.

2. The Past Perfect Continuous обозначает действие или серию действий, которые начались до определенного момента в прошлом и продолжаются или уже закончились в тот момент.

3. Момент в прошлом может быть выражен такими наречиями, как: by that time, by the end of the year, by five o'clock, придаточными предложениями времени (when he came by the time we came):

By the time he came we had been working for two hours. - К тому времени, когда он пришел, мы работали два часа.

4. В разговорной речи употребляются такие сокращенные формы, как в the Past Perfect, например:

I'd been working. She hadn't been working.