СПРАВОЧНИК
МОРФОЛОГИЯ
Числительное (THE NUMERAL)
Числительные делятся на количественные (cardinal) (one, two, ten) и порядковые (ordinal) (the first, the second, the tenth).
1) Количественные числительные
1-12 |
13-19 |
20-99 |
100 и далее |
1 one |
13 thirteen |
20 twenty |
100 a (one) hundred |
2 two |
14 fourteen |
22 twenty-two |
101 a (one) hundred and one |
3 three |
15 fifteen |
30 thirty |
200 two hundred |
4 four |
16 sixteen |
33 thirty-three |
225 two hundred and twenty-five |
5 five |
17 seventeen |
40 forty |
307 three hundred and seven |
6 six |
18 eighteen |
44 forty-four |
1,000 a (one) thousand |
7 seven |
19 nineteen |
55 fifty-five |
1,004 a (one) thousand and four |
8 eight |
|
61 sixty-one |
3,333 three thousand three |
9 nine |
|
76 seventy-six |
hundred and thirty-three |
10 ten |
|
88 eighty-eight |
25,702 twenty-five thousand |
11 eleven |
|
90 я/иегу |
seven hundred and two |
12 twelve |
|
99 ninety-nine |
100,000 a (one) hundred thousand 1,000,000 a (one) million |
Примечания:
- Числительные hundred, thousand, million употребляются с числительным one или с артиклем а: one hundred (a hundred)
- В сочетании с другими числительными слова hundred, thousand, million не имеют формы множественного числа: three hundred, two million five thousand, two hundred and thirty-two
- Разряды тысяч и миллионов отделяются запятой: 6,541; 202,035; 4,678,000.
- Числительные типа 31, 61 и др. употребляются с существительными во множественном числе: There are 31 pupils in our form.
2) Порядковые числительные образуются от соответствующих количественных числительных прибавлением суффикса -th:
4-й - 12-й
4 th = fourth
5th = fifth
8th = eighth
9th = ninth
12th = twelfth
13-й - 19-й
13 th = thirteenth
14th = fourteenth
15 th = fifteenth
18th = eighteenth
19th = nineteenth
20-й - 99-й
20th = twentieth
24th = twenty-fourth
40th = fortieth
90th = ninetieth
99th = ninety-ninth
100-й и дальше
100th = hundredth
200th = two hundredth
375th = three hundred and seventy-fifth
5,000 th - five thousandth
1,000,000 th = millionth
Исключения: one - first
two - second
three - third
Примечания:
- Некоторые числительные, превращаясь в порядке, меняют свою форму: five - fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth
- Порядковые числительные, обозначающие десятки, меняют конечный-на -ie: twenty - twentieth sixty- sixtieth
- В составных порядковых числівниках только последний разряд выражается порядковым числительным: 6,541 - six thousand five hundred and forty-first
Для справок:
Для обозначения номеров комнат, домов, автобусов и прочих видов транспорта, размеров одежды, обуви и т.д употребляются количественные числительные:
I live in flat 10 (ten).
She wears size thirty-eight shoes (thirty-eight).
You must learn Lesson 7 (seven).
Дать выражаются порядковыми числительными:
She was bom on the tenth of May.
Годы читаются таким образом:
1900 - nineteen hundred
1908 - nineteen eight (в официальном языке: nineteen hundred and eight)
1925 - nineteen twenty-five (nineteen hundred and twenty-five)
Слово year после числительного не употребляется, но иногда может ставиться перед ним: in the year nineteen ninety-eight.
3) Дроби (Fractions)
Простые (vulgar) дроби:
1/2 a (one) half
2/5 two fifth
1/4 a (one) quarter a (one) fourth
3/4 three quarters three fourths
1/5 a (one) fifth
2/3 two thirds
5/6 five sixths
1/3 a (one) third
1/6 one sixth
1(1/2) one and a half
2(1/3) two and a (one) third
Десятичные (decinal) дроби:
0.1 nought point one или one point
0.01 nought point nought one или point nought one
2.35 two point three five
32.305 three two (или thirty-two) point three nought five
4) Проценты обозначаются таким образом:
2%, или 2 per cent, или 2 г. с. (читается: two per cent)
3/8%, или 3/8 per cent, или 3/8 г. с. (читается: three eighths per cent или three eighths of one per cent)
1/2%, или 1/2 per cent., или 1/2 p. c. (читается: a half per cent или a half of one per cent)
0.2%, или 0.2 per cent, или 0.2 p. c. (читается: nought point two per cent, или nought two of one per cent).
TASKS
1. Read and write the following cardinal numerals.
4, |
6, |
9, |
15, |
18, |
65, |
71, |
100, |
|
14, |
40, |
400, |
18, |
80, |
15, |
50, |
19, |
90, |
159, |
481, |
13.753, 654, |
1.237. 861. |
|
|
|
|
|
2. Form, read and write ordinal numerals from the following cardinal numerals.
Model: 1 - first
465 - four hundred and sixty-fifth
5, 12, 13, 21, 62, 100, 530, 10, 8, 9, 1.561.58
3. Read and write in English the following:
a) dates
Model: 7/V 1978 - the seventh of May, nineteen seventy-eight.
6/1 1673 |
31/X 1561 |
10/III 1931 |
15/XII 1998 |
16/11 1999 |
18/V 2000 |
b) vulgar fractions
Model: 2/3 - two thirds
3/5 |
9/32 |
2/3 |
1/6 |
5/8 |
8/19 |
1/15 |
3/5 |
7/16 |
5/6 |
5/25 |
4/7 |
c) decinal fractions
Model: 2.53 - two point five three
32.305 - three two (or thirty-two) point three nought five
25.16 |
0.01 |
3.701 |
45.166 |
38.91 |
4.058 |
49.165 |
3.108 |
40.75 |
61.95 |
span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>51.475 |
51.057 |
d) time
A: Model: 11.05 - it's five minutes past eleven.
1.45 - it's a quarter to two.
3.30 - it's half past three.
12.05 |
8.15 |
1.02 |
4.15 |
11.00 |
6.30 |
6.40 |
10.45 |
6.45 |
7.10 |
8.35 |
12.10 |
B: Model: a quarter past three - 3.15
half past five twenty-five minutes to seven
a quarter to six a quarter past six
twenty to eleven five minutes to twelve
4. Read the following.
a) 2,005 journals; 6,300,000 strikers; 201 clerks; 45 banks; 205 suggestions; 6,866 books; 9,372,467 signatures; on page 763; by tram 43; in room 209; in chapter XXIX; on the 12th day.
b) at the end of 1759; in 1200; in 1860; in August, 1975; 1990 by; in Jan. 1997; on Dec. 27, 1998; 27th Febr., 1967; on the 25th of May; Oct., 16, 1996; Nov. 9, 1995; 3rd Sept., 1940.
5. Translate into English.
9 мая 1998 года; 25 апреля 1985 года; 6 августа 1972 года; 6.10.1958; 10,9 .1959 г.; до июня 1975 г.; 19/11 1905 г.; в мае 1985 г.
6. Do the sums.
A: Model: 1 + 12 = ?
One plus twelve is thirteen.
6 + 5 = ? |
8 + 2 = ? |
16 + 2 = ? |
69 + 31 = ? |
7 + 9 = ? |
10 + 45 = ? |
11 + 32 = ? |
72 + 14 = ? |
10 + 15 = ? |
9 + 35 = ? |
10 + 112 = ? |
80 + 15 = ? |
5 + 5 = ? |
6 + 67 = ? |
100 + 205 = ? |
|
В: Model: 16 - 8 - ?
Sixteen minus eight is eight.
8 - 4 = ? |
6 - 3 = ? |
19 - 9 = ? |
85 - 43 = ? |
7 - 3 = ? |
12 - 6 = ? |
21 - 1 = ? |
71 - 30 = ? |
10 - 9 = ? |
18 - 9 = ? |
50 - 35 = ? |
30 - 15 = ? |
9 - 5 = ? |
25 - 5 = ? |
100 - 46 = ? |
|
C: Model: 4 x 4 = ?
Four multiplied by four is sixteen.
2 x 2 = ? |
4 x 1 = ? |
4 x 10 = ? |
16 x 4 = ? |
4 x 3 = ? |
10 x 2 = ? |
5 x 8 = ? |
8 x 32 = ? |
3 x 2 = ? |
5 x 5 = ? |
10 x 2 = ? |
10 x 10 = ? |
6 x 2 = ? |
16 x 2 = ? |
15 x 3 = ? |
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D: Model. 15 : 5 = ?
Fifteen divided by five is three.
6 : 2 = ? |
9 : 3 = ? |
40 : 2 = ? |
20 : 4 = ? |
4 : 2 = ? |
27 : 9 = ? |
10 : 5 = ? |
5 : 5 = ? |
8 : 4 = ? |
56 : 7 = ? |
15 : 3 = ? |
45 : 9 = ? |
10 : 2 = ? |
35 : 7 = ? |
3 : 3 = ? |
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7. Put out the numerals and the nouns denoting quantity. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Shops and chapels... He passed a dozen of them... (Cronin)
2. They say that three score and ten is the normal length fo human life.
3. She bought three score of eggs and two dozen of apples.
4. The children went in pairs.
5. I bought two pair of shoes.
6. Thousands of people took part in the meeting.
7. The pupils formed in the columns by fours.
8. A Rugby fifteen is a team of fifteen players.
9. ... the red glare flashed into sight, illuminating a score of workmen stripped to the waist. (Cronin)
10. He had about fifty hives in his garden, and told us that their total population was nearly four million. (Moore)
11. A hundred yards away the girl stood trying the gates of the park. (Bates)
12. “He said I was a daughter of the bards. What are they?” - “Welsh poets, who lived hundreds of years ago.” (Galsworthy)
13. I was fond of my pipe: more than two feet of straight bamboo... Two-thirds of the way down was the bowl... (Greene)
14. “I'm twenty-four, sir,” Andrew answered awkwardly. (Hemingway)
15. Earle Fox was only fifty-four, but he felt timeless and ancient. (Wilson)
16. And again she saw them, but not four, more likely forty laughing, sneering, jeering... (Mansfield)