СПРАВОЧНИК

МОРФОЛОГИЯ

Прилагательное (THE ADJECTIVE)

1) Прилагательные в английском языке делятся на простые (simple) {black, small, good), производные (derivative) (hopeless,useful, beautiful) и составные (compound) (snow-white, life-giving).

В отличие от украинского языка, в английском прилагательные не изменяются по родам, числам и падежам:

My brother is a tall boy.

Katia is a tall girl.

My friends are tall boys.

2) Прилагательные в английском языке имеют высший и наивысший степени сравнения.

а) Все односложные прилагательные и двусложные, оканчивающиеся на-у, -er, -ow, -ble, и некоторые другие двусложные прилагательные образуют высшую степень сравнения добавлением к основной форме прилагательного окончания-еr, а высшая ступень - добавлением окончания -est:

Примечания:

- В односложных прикметниках конечный согласный после краткого гласного удваивается для сохранения произношения корневого звука: big-bigger-biggest

- Если прилагательное заканчивается на немой-е, то при образовании высшего и наивысшего степеней сравнения, он опускается: large-larger-largest

- Конечный гласный-у после согласного при образовании степеней сравнения меняется на-и: happy-happier-happiest

б) Большинство двоскладових и многосложные прилагательные образуют высшую степень сравнения добавлением словаmore, а превосходную степень - добавлением слова most к основной формы прилагательного:

в) Некоторые прилагательные образуют высший и наивысший степени сравнения не по общим правилам:

Примечание:

- He имеют степеней сравнения такие прилагательные: greenish, darkish, unsuitable, chief, principal, wooden, Italian, synthetic, analytical т.д.

- Для сравнения двух предметов одинакового качества употребляется конструкция as ... as: This book is as interesting as that one.

В отрицательных предложениях в таких случаях употребляют not so ... as: Our house is not so small as yours.

TASKS

1. Define the morphological composition of the following adjectives.

2. Write the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adjectives wherever possible.

Small, big, old, late, narrow, difficult, wonderful, new, silent, wooden, modest, quick, yellow, little, bad, low, curious, lovely, good, far, complete, funny, electric, clean, clever, native, short, dark, gay, merry, patient, wide, certain, slender, shy, abrupt, sudden, dull, formal, pleasant, fine, white, healthy.

3. Answer the questions.

Model: Which animal is stronger: an elephant or a camel?

Full answer. An elephant is stronger than a camel.

Short answer. An elephant is.

1. Which is larger: an ocean or a sea?

2. Which is warmer: May or December?

3. Which is smaller: a cat or a tiger?

4. Which is more pleasant: a rainy day or a sunny day?

4. Answer the questions.

Model. Which is the highest mountain peak in the world?

Full answer. The highest mountain peak in the world is Everest.

Short answer. Everest is.

1. Which is the warmest season of the year?

2. Which is the tallest boy in your class?

3. Which is the coldest point on our Earth?

4. Which is the most dangerous kind of sport?

5. Which is the shortest month of the year?

6. Which is the most ancient town in Ukraine?

5. Compare the objects.

Model. A winter coat - a raincoat (warm)

A winter coat is warmer than a raincoat.

1. Honey - sugar (sweet)

2. Stone - paper (heavy)

3. A diamond - a sapphire (valuable)

4. A lane - a street (narrow)

5. Copper wire - iron wire (flexible)

6. Februar - March (short)

7. Autumn - summer (cold)

8. The Chinese language - the French language (difficult)

9. Oil - water (light)

10. A lemon - an apple (sour)

6. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. As the day went on, the weather got (бад).

2. Kate's younger brother works at the factory. Her (old) sister is a student.

3. Composition Which is (good)?

4. My friend has been to London, her English is (good) than mine.

5. “Is Mary younger than Pete?” - “No, he is (old).”

6. This text is (difficult) to understand than that one.

7. Compare the objects.

Model: Compare the dictonary, the teacher's bag and the bookcase, using the word “heavy”.

- The dictionary is heavy. The teacher's bag is heavier.

The bookcase is still heavier. It is the heaviest.

1. Compare three islands (Iceland, Ireland and Great Britain), using the word “large”.

2. Compare the mountains in the Lake District, the Alps and the Himalayas, using the word “high”.

3. Compare New Zealand and Ausralia, using the word “small”.

4. Compare the Dnieper, the Bug, the Donets, using the word “long”.

8. State which of the adjectives in the following sentences are wholly or which of them are partially substantivized. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. “I have heard much good of you,” said Robert Jordan. (Hemingway)

2. Her hair was the golden brown of a grain field that has been burned in the dark sun... (Hemingway)

3. One place is very like another when you're running away from the unattainable. (Berkeley)

4. The French control the main roads until seven in the evening... (Greene)

5. ... the blue was veiled with a haze of light gold, as it is sometimes in early summer. (Mansfield)

6. Then Moon went and made a silly of herself again. (Mansfield)

7. “She's been a little sweet all the aftenoon,” whispered Nanny. (Mansfield)

8. This foreigner comes here to do a thing for the good of the foreigners. (Hemingway)

9. We must take the bitter along with the sweet. (Reade)

10. How do I know what's gone on between you? The rights and thewrongs of it. I don't want to know. (Wilson)